9 Clever Teaching Strategies for Common Learning Hurdles    Executive function (EF) deficits are commonly mistaken for — and exacerbated by — ADHD symptoms. The reverse is also true, making EF and ADHD inextricably linked yet also distinct. To address a student’s challenges with reading comprehension and other academic skills, teachers and parents must first understand their origins. For example, disorganization may be a manifestation of core ADHD symptoms like hyperactivity and inattention. On the flip side, physical fidgeting may be a sign of overwhelm in a student struggling to break apart and solve a problem due to weak EF. Whether executive dysfunction or ADHD or both exists at the core, educators and parents should follow these 3 steps to help a student build skills and confidence in middle and high school. 
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