Children who are born with heart problems are 32 percent more likely to have autism than their typical peers are, according to a large study. Unexpectedly, milder defects are strongly linked to autism, but more serious ones are not, the researchers found. A growing body of research shows that children whose hearts form incorrectly in utero tend to also have problems with brain development. In 2012, the American Heart Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics jointly recommended that doctors should monitor brain development in children born with heart defects. A 2017 study in Taiwan showed that children born with heart defects have double the odds of having autism. 
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